Bluetooth is a short-range communications support equipment (generally within 10m) radio technology. Can include mobile phones, PDA, wireless headsets, laptop computers, related peripherals and many other wireless information exchange between devices. Use of Bluetooth uses a distributed network architecture and the fast frequency hopping and short packet technology to support point to point and multipoint communication, working in the global generic 2.4GHz ISM (ie industrial, scientific, medical) band. The data rate of 1Mbps. Using time division duplex transmission scheme to achieve full-duplex transmission.
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About the origin of the formation of the background global advantage of Bluetooth SIG Bluetooth technology easy to use range of equipment available globally functional unit with Bluetooth specification version 3.0 Bluetooth specification Bluetooth new standard Bluetooth 4.0 specification low power Bluetooth specification Bluetooth application related work on the way home entertainment connectivity devices scenarios Glossary Safety Quiz About the Information Age is the greatest feature of the dissemination of information more easily and quickly, is based on this, the technical staff is also working to develop more excellent information data transmission.Bluetooth
Bluetooth, for mobile phones in terms of the whole IT industry has been more than just a simple technique, but a concept. When the Bluetooth alliance vowed to make a good future prospects of vision, the whole industry is shaken. Aside the shackles of the traditional connection, completely carefree days of fun, Bluetooth promises to give us enough to spirits. Bluetooth is a wireless data and voice communications open global standard, it is a low cost basis of short-range wireless connectivity for fixed and mobile communications environment to establish a special connection. The program is written in a 9 x 9 mm micro chip. For example, if the Bluetooth technology into mobile phones and laptop computers, mobile phones and can get rid of the annoying laptop connection between the cable and make it through the establishment of wireless communication. Printer, PDA, desktop computers, fax machines, keyboards, joysticks, and all other digital devices can become a part of the Bluetooth system. In addition, Bluetooth wireless technology also exists to provide a common digital network and peripheral interfaces to form a network of individuals, particularly away from the fixed group of connected devices. Bluetooth operates in globally 2.4GHz ISM (ie industrial, scientific, medical) band. Bluetooth data rate of 1Mb / s. Time division duplex transmission scheme is used to achieve full-duplex transmission. Using the IEEE802.15 protocol. ISM band is open to all band radio systems, the use of one of these bands will encounter unpredictable sources of interference. For example, some appliances, cordless phones, garages door openers, microwave ovens, etc., are likely to be interference. For this reason, the Bluetooth Special designed to quickly identify and frequency hopping scheme to ensure that the link stability. The frequency hopping technique is divided into a number of hopping channels (hop channel), in a single connection, the radio transceiver according to a certain code sequence (ie, a certain law, technically called ; the random code) continuously from one channel to very narrow, but through spread spectrum technology to make the narrow bandwidth of a hundredfold expansion into broadband, so that interference effects may become very small. And other work in the same band systems, Bluetooth frequency hopping faster, shorter packets, which makes Bluetooth more stable than other systems. FEC (Forward Error Correction, FEC) inhibit long-distance links using random noise. Application of the binary frequency modulation (FM) frequency-hopping transceiver technology is used to suppress interference and prevent fading. Bluetooth baseband protocol is a circuit switching and packet switching combination. Was retained in the slot can be transmitted in the synchronous data packets, each packet sent at different frequencies. A packet nominally occupy a slot, but in fact can be extended to up to five slots. Bluetooth can support an asynchronous data channel, at the same time as many as three simultaneous voice channels, a channel can also simultaneously transmit asynchronous data and synchronous voice. Each voice channel supports 64kb / s synchronous voice links. Asynchronous channel can support one end of the maximum rate of 721kb / s while the other end of the rate of 57.6kb / s asymmetric connection, you can also support the 43.2kb / s symmetric connection. The name originated from the Bluetooth, a tenth century Danish King Harald Blatand, Blatand meaning in the English language can be interpreted as Bluetooth (Bluetooth) because the king like to eat blueberries, blue gums every day so called Bluetooth . In the preparatory phase of industry associations, need a very expressive named after the high-tech. Industry organizations who, after a night on European history and the future development of wireless technology discussion, some people think that the king's name with Blatand appropriate. Blatand King will now Norway, Sweden and Denmark unity; his articulate, sociable, like this upcoming technology, technology will be defined to allow coordination between the different industries work, maintain areas of each system good communication between, for example, computing, mobile and work between the automotive industry. Name so he so decided. Bluetooth is the founder of Sweden's Ericsson, Ericsson has been R & D in 1994. In 1997, Ericsson and other equipment, contact the manufacturer and to stimulate their interest in this technology. February 1998, five multinational companies, including Ericsson, Nokia, IBM, Toshiba and Intel formed a special interest group (SIG), their common goal is to establish a global short-range wireless communications technology, which is now Bluetooth. The Bluetooth logo design of this: it's name from Harald Bluetooth , became the Bluetooth logo (see Figure). Background of Its purpose is to provide a short-range, low-cost wireless application technology. These five companies have also established a Bluetooth Special Interest Group, to enable the Bluetooth technology to become the next standard for wireless communications. Dominant Intel chip semiconductor chip and the transmission company is responsible for software development, Ericsson is responsible for radio frequency and mobile phone software development, IBM, and Toshiba notebook computers responsible for the development of interface specifications. Second half of 1999, the famous industry giant Microsoft, Motorola, 3Com, Lucent Technologies and the Bluetooth Special group co-founded five companies of the Bluetooth technology promotion organization, which set off a worldwide wave A large number of global industry will develop Bluetooth technology products, so that Bluetooth technology has shown very promising market, and indicates that the early 21st century will usher in a magnificent wave of global wireless communications. Bluetooth SIG Bluetooth SIG (Bluetooth Special Interest Group SIG) is a trade association, from the telecommunications, computing, automotive, industrial automation, and network composed of industry leaders. The team is committed to promoting the development of Bluetooth wireless technology for connecting mobile devices to develop short-range wireless standard low-cost, and the market. Bluetooth SIG set up offices around the world including: Seattle, USA (world headquarters); U.S. KansasBluetooth adapter picture
Texas City (U.S. headquarters); Malmo, Sweden (Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA) headquarters); China Special Administrative Region (Asia Pacific regional headquarters). The Bluetooth SIG includes all staff, Ph. D., Executive Director, Marketing Director Anders Edlund, and sales personnel, engineering specialists and operations experts. In addition to Bluetooth SIG (SIG) of the support member companies of volunteers in the business process of the Bluetooth SIG has also played an important role. The Bluetooth SIG is initiated by Agere, Ericsson, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia and Toshiba. October 13, 2006, Bluetooth SIG (SIG) announced the replacement Lenovo IBM in the position of the founding members of the organization, effective immediately. By becoming a founding member, Lenovo and other industry leaders to Agere Systems Inc., Ericsson, Intel, Microsoft, Motorola, Nokia and Toshiba, as the Bluetooth SIG has a seat on the board, and actively promote the Bluetooth standard of development. In addition to other founding members, Bluetooth SIG includes more than 200 Alliance members and about 6,000 members of the business application. Advantage of Bluetooth technology Bluetooth wireless technology specification is available worldwide for our members around the world free. Manufacturers in many industries are actively in the implementation of this technology in their products, to reduce the use of messy wires, seamless connectivity, streaming stereo, transfer data or voice communications. Bluetooth technology running in the 2.4 GHz band, the band is a need to apply for a permit for industrial, scientific, medical (ISM) radio band. For this reason, the use of Bluetooth technology without having to pay any fees. But you must register to use the GSM mobile phone provider or CDMA, in addition to equipment costs, you do not need to use Bluetooth technology to pay any fees. Equipment range Bluetooth technology has been an unprecedented range of applications, integration of the technology products from mobile phones and automobiles to medical equipment, the use of the technology user from the consumer, industrial market to the enterprise, and so forth. Low power, small size and low-cost chip solution enables Bluetooth technology can be applied to even very small device. Bluetooth products in the product catalog and list of components to view our members provide a range of Products. Easy to use Bluetooth technology is a real-time technology, it does not require a fixed infrastructure, and easy to install and set up. You do not need cables to connect. New users are not demanding that you only need to have Bluetooth brand product, check the available configuration files, connect to the same configuration file to another Bluetooth device. Subsequent PIN code process just as you are as simple ATM machine. When they go out, you can take with your Personal Area Network (PAN), and even with other network connection. Universal specifications of Bluetooth wireless technology on the market today to support the most extensive, most feature rich and secure wireless standard. Worldwide certification program to test whether the products meet the standards of the members. Since the Bluetooth specification has been issued in 1999, a total of more than 4,000 companies become the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) members. Meanwhile, the number of Bluetooth products on the market is also rapidly growing exponentially. Number of products has grown exponentially for four consecutive years, the number of base stations installed in the end of 2005 may reach 500 million. Functional unit radio link control unit link management unit software features Bluetooth technology version Definitions 1) As of July 2010, a total of six Bluetooth version V1.1/1.2/2.0/2.1/3.0/4.0 2) the communication distance to the different versions can be further divided into Class A (1) / Class B (2). 3) the difference between version 1.1 of the earliest versions, the transmission rate of about 748 ~ 810kb / s, due to the early design, the products are vulnerable to the same frequency interference affecting the quality of communication. 1.2 is also only 748 ~ 810kb / s transfer rate, but with the (improved Software) frequency hopping anti-jamming capabilities. (Not too theoretical depth of technical detail!) 4) Communication from the version of a) Class A is used in high power / distance of Bluetooth products, but high cost and power consumptionBluetooth
, is not suitable for the use of personal communication products (cell phone / Bluetooth headphones / Bluetooth Dongle, etc.), it is used in some commercial special purposes, communication distance of about 80 ~ 100M distances. b) Class B is the most popular formats, communication distance between about 8 ~ 30M, depending on the product's design may be, used for phone / Bluetooth headset / Bluetooth Dongle personal communications products, power consumption and smaller size , easy to carry. 5) Whether 1.1/1.2 version of Bluetooth products can support their own basic Stereo audio transmission requirements, but only for (simplex) mode to work with tape frequency response is not enough, not be regarded as the best of Stereo Transmission tool. 6) version 2.0 upgrade is the improved version 1.2, the transmission rate of about 1.8M / s ~ 2.1M / s, can have (duplex) of the work. The side for voice communications, but also can transfer files / high quality images, Taiwan has been part of the Bluetooth Dongle for sale in the market, but the phone has Bluetooth version 2.0 is very small. Bluetooth headsets can really use not many products claiming to be part of the Bluetooth version 2.0, but still make use of additional accessories can be achieved. This year it is believed that the earliest to come into vogue until the end of November 9, 2.0 version of the course, also supports Stereo operation. 7) Bluetooth 2.0 version of the chip later, there is the opportunity to join the Stereo decoder chip, then even the A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile) may not be required. 8) April 21, 2009, the Bluetooth SIG (Bluetooth SIG) formally promulgated a new generation of standards 9 July 7th, 2010 Bluetooth SIG (Bluetooth SIG) formally adopted the Bluetooth 4.0 Core Specification (Bluetooth Core Specification Version 4.0), and start the corresponding certification program. Bluetooth technology, the new interpretation of the standard Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR is currently the most widely used Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR standard, which has been launched in 2004, supports Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR standard products in large numbers in 2006. While Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR standard made a lot of improvements in technology, but the 1.X standards inherited from the configuration process complexity and power consumption of devices larger problems remain. Bluetooth technology in order to improve the existing problems, the Bluetooth SIG's (Special Interest Group) launched the Bluetooth 2.1 + EDR version of Bluetooth technology. 1 to improve the device pairing process: As many users during the Bluetooth pairing between hardware will encounter many problems, whether it is a single pair, or permanently paired, the pairing process and the necessary operation is too complicated, in the past During the connection process, the need to use the personal identification code to ensure security of the connection, and the improved after the connection is automatically paired with the number and password to connect, for example, as long as the phone connect to a specific device options , in determining, the phone will automatically be listed in the current environment the equipment used, and automatically link. The short-range pairing, too, have a Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones in the two paired with each other and communication between the transmission of NFC (Near Field CoMMunication) mechanism. NFC is a short-range wireless RFID technology, for 1 to 2 meters in the short-range on-line application to electromagnetic-based, to replace the traditional radio transmission. As the mechanism of control of the NFC's starting to detect a match, when the range of 2 units to be paired transmission, simply click on the phone screen can accept on-line. However, to NFC-enabled applications, the system must be built-in NFC chip or have the relevant hardware features. (2) a better power-saving effect: Bluetooth version 2.1 added Sniff Subrating function by setting the mutual recognition between the two devices to send signal intervals to save on power consumption. In general, when two Bluetooth devices to link into the standby state, between Bluetooth devices still need to call each other through each other to determine whether it is still online, of course, because of this, the Bluetooth chip must be kept in working state, even if other components of mobile phones have entered hibernation mode. In order to improve the way such a situation, the Bluetooth 2.1 devices will be mutual recognition between the signal transmission time interval of 0.1 seconds to extend from a previous version to 0.5 seconds, so the Bluetooth chip can significantly reduce the workload, but also enable Bluetooth can have more more time to complete dormancy. According to official reports, the use of this technology, the Bluetooth device is turned on after the Bluetooth connection can effectively extend the standby time of more than 5 times. Bluetooth 3.0 specification (April 21, 2009) April 21, 2009, the Bluetooth SIG (Bluetooth SIG) formally promulgated a new generation of standards ), Bluetooth 3.0 is the core of Was originally expected for new technologies, including 802.11 and the standard UMB, but the new specification of the application to cancel the UMB. As a new specification, Bluetooth 3.0 transfer speeds will naturally be higher, while the secret lies in the 802.11 wireless protocol. By integrating , Is eight times as Bluetooth 2.0, can be easily used for high-definition video recorder to the TV, PC to PMP, UMPC to data transmission between the printer. Power consumption, Bluetooth 3.0 high-speed transmission through large amounts of data will naturally consume more energy, but due to the introduction of the Enhanced Power Control (EPC) mechanism, supplemented by 802.11, the actual idle power consumption will be significantly reduced standby power consumption of Bluetooth devices problem expected to be initially addressed. In fact, the Bluetooth SIG is also working to develop new low-power version of the specification. In addition, the new specification also has the common testing methods (GTM) and one-way broadcast connectionless data (UCD) two technologies, and includes a set of HCI commands to get the key length. Allegedly, equipped with a Bluetooth 2.1 module via a PC to upgrade the firmware so that theoretically the device also supports Bluetooth 2.1 Bluetooth 3.0. Alliance members have begun to equipment manufacturers to develop Bluetooth 3.0 solution. Bluetooth 4.0 specification (April 22, 2010) Bluetooth Technology Group (SIG) on Tuesday (April 20, 2010) that the Bluetooth 4.0 specification has been basically formed, is expected in the second quarter. Bluetooth 4.0 consists of three sub-specifications, namely the traditional Bluetooth technology, Bluetooth and a new high-speed low-power Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth 4.0 improvements mainly in three aspects, battery life, energy and the types of equipment. With low-cost, multi-vendor interoperability, low latency 3 ms, 100 meters above the ultra-long haul, AES-128 encryption, and many other features also Bluetooth 4.0, the effective transmission distance is also improved. Currently, the Bluetooth effective transmission distance of 10 meters (32 feet), and Bluetooth 4.0 effective transmission distance up to 100 meters (328 feet). SIG says Bluetooth 4.0 specification will be complete by 30 June this year to complete, and Bluetooth 4.0-based devices are expected to end or early 2011. Bluetooth 4.0 will enter the era. Bluetooth 4.0 is actually a trinity of Bluetooth technology, it will be one of three specifications, namely the traditional Bluetooth, Bluetooth low energy and high-speed Bluetooth technology, these three specifications can be combined or used alone. SIG Chief Technology Officer (CTO) Alistair said, the new Bluetooth Version 4.0 covers three Bluetooth technology, is a energy and high-speed Bluetooth Bluetooth features, especially in low-power technology as the core, greatly expanded the market potential for Bluetooth technology. Bluetooth low energy technology will to a small button battery-powered wireless sensor products and to further develop health care, sports and fitness, security and home entertainment market with new opportunities. Currently, Bluetooth technology has been very popular application, about 80% of the world of mobile phones with Bluetooth technology, of which nearly 100% of smart phones are already using Bluetooth technology. Alistair believes that the popularity of Bluetooth technology, the development of networking technology, offers a selection of great development. Low-power Bluetooth standard specifications related to the typical low-power Bluetooth Bluetooth 2.4 GHz2.4 GHz radio frequency range 10 m 10 m air data rate of 1-3 Mb/s1 Mb / s application throughput 0.7-2.1 Mb/s0. 2 Mb / sNodes / Active slaves7-16, 777,184 64/128-bit security and unlimited user-defined application-layer 128-bitAES and user-defined application layer automatically adapt to the fast frequency hopping robustness, FEC, ACK automatically adapt quickly jump quickly frequency delay (non-connected)the total time to send data 100 m / s <6 m / s global government regulation Bluetooth SIG global certification body (Bluetooth SIG) SIG (Bluetooth SIG) voice capabilities are no network topology scatternet Star-bus power consumption 1 (reference) 0.01 to 0.5 (depending on symbol usage) Peak current consumption <30 mA <15 mA (maximum operating time of 15 mA) Service discovery has a concept of a main profile use mobile phones, game consoles, headsets, stereo audio streaming,
automotive and PC phone, game consoles, PC, tables, sports and fitness, health care,
automotive, consumer electronics, automotive and industrial applications such as Bluetooth Modern family home with the family in the past there are many different place. The help of modern technology, more and more people started home office, living more freely and efficiently. They will also technology into the home office outside the field of technology will be extended to other aspects of family life. By using Bluetooth technology products, people can remove the cables around the home office of distress. Mouse, keyboard, printer, laptop computer, headphones and speakers etc can be used in the PC environment, wireless, this office will not only increase the beauty of the region, but also for interior decoration provides a more creative and free (imagine, put the printer in the closet). In addition, mobile devices and home PC to sync contacts and calendar information, users can access the latest information anytime, anywhere. Bluetooth devices can not only make it easier for home office, but also to make home entertainment more convenient: You do not have to put aside the guests to choose to leave the music alone. Users can store 30 feet wireless control of your PC or audio files on the Apple iPod. Bluetooth technology can also be used in the adapter, allowing people from the cameras, mobile phones, laptop computers to send photos
TV Bluetooth Headset
to share with friends. Office work in the past for various wire tangled and very confusing. Power cord from the device to connect computers to keyboards, printers, mouse, cables and PDA, all resulting in a disorderly work environment. In some cases, this office will increase the risk, such as the employee may be tripping over wires or cables around. Now, with Bluetooth wireless technology, the office no longer see the clutter of wires, the whole office is like a machine, like an orderly and efficient operation. PDA can be synchronized with the computer to share calendars and contact lists, computer peripheral devices can directly communicate with employees through the Bluetooth headset when walking across the office, answer the phone, all without wires. Not limited to the use of Bluetooth technology to solve the clutter of an office environment. Bluetooth enabled devices can create their own real-time network, allowing users to share presentations or other files without compatibility or e-mail access restrictions. Bluetooth devices can easily group meetings, through the wireless network to engage in dialogue with other offices, and the idea of dry-erase whiteboard to the computer. Whether in a non-networked work or trying to hold the room warm and interactive conference, Bluetooth wireless technology can help you easily conduct the meeting, to improve efficiency and enhance creative collaboration. Currently, there are many products on the market are supported by Bluetooth connection from a wireless device to another device to transfer files. EBeam Projection similar categories of products enables wireless whiteboard Zhuge Liang will be stored in the computer record of the meeting, while other devices are supported multi-stakeholder suggestions. Eliminate desktop clutter connection, wireless high office. Bluetooth wireless keyboard, mouse, and presentation equipment can simplify the work space. The wireless PDA or cell phone with a computer can simultaneously update and manage the timely and effective user's contact list and calendar. You need fast, effective and secure way of selling it? There are more and more support for Bluetooth-enabled mobile device sales, sales personnel to use mobile phones to connect through GPRS, EDGE or UMTS mobile network to transmit information. You can use Bluetooth technology to connect to a laptop computer, mobile printer, print a receipt for the customer site. Whether in the office, at the dinner table, or on the way, your workers can reduce the word-processing, shorten the waiting time for customers to achieve seamless transaction processing. Improving logistics efficiency. By using Bluetooth technology to connect, cargo giant UPS and FedEx have been successful in reducing the use of cables needed replacement, and significantly improve worker efficiency. The way people frequently travel to the workplace, home and other destinations, while Bluetooth technology just provides a way for people to access important personal information or communications connectivity. No matter what role people play the parents, students or mobile professionals in this fast-paced world, everyone needs to constantly access the network or communication. Variety of new devices and new technologies are constantly entering the market, ensuring better mobile connection, and usually rely on Bluetooth wireless technology to achieve personal wireless connectivity. Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone, PDA, laptop computers, headsets and cars on the road to achieve hands-free communication, so that users are in hot or cable broadband connections remain outside the scope of the Internet network connection, as well as PC and mobile devices synchronize contacts and calendar entries to access important information. Bluetooth-enabled laptop computers and other portable computing devices via Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone, using GPRS, EDGE or UMTS mobile network to the PC and wireless PDA connected to the Internet, anytime, anywhere the freedom to create unlimited hot, even in the way you are able to work efficiently. Current Bluetooth technology in daily life is the most widely used Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone device, such as mobile phones Bluetooth headset, car hands-free Bluetooth, Bluetooth to make driving safer, many owners feel inconvenient to answer the phone while driving: a only hand on the steering wheel, one hand holding the phone to answer, not only impede the shift, affecting the safety, staring eyes looked before the car had to walk around feeling the police, the 12 points penalty can not help it;-car hands-free system access listen to telephone more convenient, hands empty out your hands to do it the right thing. In order to promote its electronic ether and even introduced a Bluetooth compact solar charger with a hands-free Bluetooth - Black King. King Kong uses a lithium battery, solar charger and special configurations. The driver can receive calls without wearing headphones and can reduce the interference of other sounds, showing strong technology flavor. Using a Bluetooth headset, there is an issue that we must not overlook the benefits: health! Friends, often talking on the phone must have this experience, hand-held phone to his ear about not only the hands and neck easily lead to pain, say for a long time with his head and gradually the pain again. Bluetooth headset than the phone's electromagnetic waves is low, as long as the phone when the phone inside a briefcase or pocket, put on headphones easily say, not with the hand held Lao Gao, also can effectively reduce the electromagnetic waves on the human body. Bluetooth products shipped over 5 weeks of one million in the next few years, Bluetooth technology in mobile devices and automobiles implementation will continue to grow. Through all these mobile products, consumers will be able to more easily use the Bluetooth technology on the way to stay connected. Bluetooth technology to let you stay connected while on the go? Use the following method is one of the Bluetooth wireless technology lets you stay connected while on the go is still an example. Entertainment games, listening to music, make new friends, share photos with friends more and more consumers want to easily enjoy the variety of recreational activities in real time, but do not want to put the shackles of wires. Bluetooth wireless technology is the only truly wireless entertainment technology. Built-in Bluetooth technology, gaming device, so you can start the game with friends anywhere in the underground sports channel, in the airport or in the living room. Do not require any wires, players can easily find each other and even anonymous search and start a pleasant game. Bluetooth wireless technology will soon be achieved easily using a wireless headset to enjoy music in MP3 player, abandoned prevent us from using the treadmill, driving a car or playing in the park wire. Send photos to a printer or a friend's cell phone is also very simple. Now, many shops offer printing station provides services to enable consumers to print via a Bluetooth connection on your camera phone photos. Entertainment is no longer confined within the device length. Whether biking, hiking, skiing, or traveling, Bluetooth technology have expanded the scope of activities of leisure-time activities, bringing a true wireless experience. Way down the mountain slope in the radio listening to music, and stopped to make a call. Manufacturers are currently able to use Bluetooth technology to connect your phone to MP3 player built-in stereo headphone ski helmets and hats. In the mountains, connecting the GPS device via Bluetooth link to your PDA, you can know where you are. Geographical treasure hunt and hiking enthusiasts look forward to the latest Bluetooth-enabled devices to help them determine the route and track trip. In the city, by connecting to MP3 phone or MP3 player to enjoy music in stereo wireless headphones. Pause music to answer the call, the call is completed and continue to enjoy. Whether waiting for a bus or train, you can use Bluetooth technology to pass the time. For devices with the game, similar to a searchable set of equipment to enable multiplayer games. Bluetooth phones use a software application running on, look around you to other people with similar interests, or simply used to identify those you encounter in daily route Bluetooth devices. You often look at those passing the Through Bluetooth technology, a similar set up to enable the phone to send messages, make new friends. With Bluetooth technology to expand your social network. Bluetooth cell phone use Bluetooth File Transfer Bluetooth file transfer software that is a Bluetooth-enabled to make up their own shortcomings Gphone software, you can send each other files, ring tones, pictures, etc., to provide a convenient Bluetooth. Although the connected device manufacturers to implement a variety of equipment-specific user interface for device-specific, but the first two devices to connect some of the basic steps are the same. Users should be kept in a safe environment for matching. Charge your device if the device is a new Bluetooth device, make sure before making connection or open charge. In particular Bluetooth headset must be charged before use. Open boot device matching the device's power needs. For some devices, such as Bluetooth wireless headsets, the device is turned on at the same time start the pairing process. Open the Bluetooth feature on your receipt of the equipment, the equipment may have on the Bluetooth function, it may not yet open. For most computer users need from the control panel or system preferences, open the Bluetooth radio function. Set the device to be seen as a security measure, some devices can be set to turn off the Bluetooth function, hidden or visible. Trying to connect the device, the user equipment should be set to visible, in order to found each other. After completion of the devices are paired, the device will be worried if you find other equipment, you can set the device to hide. Set the connection mode of the two devices both devices are fully charged, turn on the device and turned on the Bluetooth function, each device needs to initialize the communication session. Typically, the connection between two devices, one device as a Host device is a user interface device, since the majority of connections will be set. A device can be another host device, other devices can be used as the visitors. For example, mobile phone and wireless headset, the phone is the host. However, when paired phone and laptop computer, laptop computer is the host. Enter the password devices discover each other, the user will be asked to enter a password or two devices. In some cases, such as connecting wireless headsets, the password is specified by the manufacturer fixed the password for the headphones. At this point, the user needs to enter the host device in the specified password. Users can find this in the user manual password. In other cases, the user can enter his / her own password. In these cases, the user will enter the password in the two devices again. Strongly recommended a pairing for the 8-bit alphanumeric characters to set the password. After entering the password, the device will authenticate each other and complete confidence-building connection. Remove or disconnect the connection with the trust device when the user should be removed or disconnected from the trusted devices to connect? If one of your Bluetooth device is lost or stolen, you should be removed before the device is paired with all pairing setting. How do I cancel or delete a trusted device pairing? For devices like cell phone or computer, the user should enter the device's connection settings, and then find a list of trusted devices. Users can then choose to add new equipment or remove trusted devices. Highlight the need to remove the device, then press the Delete button. Keyboard or mouse of the type of equipment is only one button or switch as the user interface, so you can only connect to one device. To remove the trust of its original equipment, just the mouse or keyboard connected to the new device. Q What is the security bluejacking? Bluejacking refers to the use of Bluetooth wireless technology, mobile phone users to send business cards anonymously behavior. Bluejacking These cards usually include some of the naughty or suggestive messages, rather than the commonly referred name and phone number. Bluejacker usually find ping the phone or respond to the user, then they will send more personal messages to the other device. Similarly, to be bluejacking, sending and receiving devices must be within 10 meters. Receive bluejack phone message the owner should refuse to add the contact to address book such. Make non-discoverable mode are not vulnerable to bluejacking equipment like attack. What is bluebugging? Bluebugging allows skilled individuals to use Bluetooth wireless technology, without prior notice or warning mobile phone users, the access phone orders. This flaw could allow an attacker to make a call via cell phone, send and receive text messages, read and write phonebook contacts, eavesdrop phone content and connect to the Internet. Without the use of specialized equipment in case of launch all these attacks, the hacker must be located 10 meters from the phone range. This is independent of the bluesnarfing defects, not necessarily affect the same subject bluesnarfing phone. What is bluesnarfing? Bluesnarfing allows hackers to use Bluetooth wireless technology, without prompting the user is connected to the mobile device, the access is stored in the Bluetooth-enabled mobile phone data. In this way can be accessible and relevant image information including phone book, calendar, and IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity). Set by the device can not find mode, you can greatly increase the difficulty to find and attack equipment. In the case of no special equipment to run the equipment with special software, hackers from the equipment must be located within 10 meters. Only several specific, vulnerable Bluetooth-enabled mobile phones, old-fashioned bluesnarfing attacks. What mobile phone manufacturers to take steps to solve these problems? Nokia and Sony Ericsson are vulnerable to bluesnarfing and bluebugging attack against the mobile phone has developed a software upgrade. The two companies also made great efforts to ensure the new cell phones will not be affected by these attacks. About how users access to mobile phone software upgrade is available for more information, please visit the Sony Ericsson and Nokia. What is the car eavesdropping software? Auto safety researchers eavesdropping software is a software development tool that can be connected through a specific implementation of the Bluetooth car kit and send and receive audio. Personal use of this tool the user can not authorize the remote device, hidden in a remote connection to the car and communication, to send speakers to the remote device to receive audio and audio from a microphone. If there is no special equipment, personal laptop personal computer running the car in the eavesdropping tools, vehicles must be maintained at the target range of 10 meters. Security researchers aim to highlight a Bluetooth-enabled car kit to implement a variety of weaknesses, forcing manufacturers to ensure that the Bluetooth-enabled devices with higher security. How to identify my car kit or car is vulnerable to eavesdropping software auto attack? To receive a car eavesdropping tool to access, car kits need to keep in pairing mode, with a standard fixed four digit PIN code, and not with the phone connection. If you always keep the phone paired with the car kit, you can not connect unauthorized devices to the car kit. There are concerns about the individual user,[url=http://www.in-moncler.com][b]title=Moncler Online[/b][/url], if he has a car kit is in pairing mode and a standard fixed four digit PIN code (such as 0000 or 1234), should contact the manufacturer directly to find out more about the vulnerability of their equipment information, and access to suitable software upgrade car kit. Bluetooth wireless technology is vulnerable in other ways hackers? This page lists the attacks are the only known attack may be, and only certain products on the market. If possible, please take some measures, such as enabling the use of reasonable security measures and long PIN code or private mode paired device. Bluetooth SIG will continue to research and the technology-related security measures, and as technology dissemination and development to determine its application deadline. Users can take measures to protect its data? Users can take many measures to protect their data. If you have sensitive bluesnarfing or bluebugging attack mobile phones, should contact the mobile phone manufacturer or authorized by the manufacturer to get the service point. Vulnerable equipment manufacturer has developed a software patch to make up for deficiencies. In addition, if the user is still worried about the device will be targeted, you can not use Bluetooth wireless technology and equipment in an unknown area to set the non-discoverable mode. Users can also not with an unknown device If the user receives another pairing with the invitation and asked to enter a PIN code, but users do not know what equipment is invited to match, the user should not perform pairing. Paired only with the known devices. What is the Cabir Worm? Cabir Worm will affect what equipment? Cabir worm is a malicious software, also known as malware. Installed to the phone, it will use Bluetooth technology to send yourself vulnerable to other similar devices. Because it can replicate itself, so it is classified as a worm. Cabir worm currently only use the Symbian 60 series platform and user interface of mobile phones with Bluetooth wireless technology impact. In addition, users must manually install the malware to receive the virus and only after the infected phone. For more information about Cabir worm, please contact the software licensing company Symbian and access F-Secure, McAfee and Symantec's Web site. PIN How does this affect security? Personal identification number (PIN) is a four or more digit alphanumeric code that will be temporarily associated with the product for a safety match. If possible, it is recommended to use at least 8 characters or more alphanumeric PIN. Product owners can only be for the purpose of matching the individual with the confidence and trust of the products share a PIN code. Do not enter this PIN number, you can not be matched. We recommend that you always relative secrecy match the product area. Avoid public places paired Bluetooth enabled device. If for some reason your device to cancel the pairing, please find a safe, confidential location, and then re-pair the device. Do I need to remember my PIN code? No. In addition to these very few exceptions, you do not remember the PIN code: PIN code is fixed; In this case, just keep your PIN written on the specified user's manual for future reference. Why can easily lead pair in public safety risk? In theory, hackers can monitor and record the spectrum of activity and then use the computer to re-generate the exchange with the PIN code. This requires special hardware and build a complete Bluetooth system knowledge. If you use eight or more alphanumeric PIN code, the hacker could take several years to break out of this PIN. If you use 4-digit PIN code, a hacker could break within a few hours out of this PIN. But still need high-level software. This is a Bluetooth enabled device is a great risk? The initial pairing Bluetooth devices through a secure connection. During this period, one or two devices need a PIN code, internal code generation algorithm uses the security key, security key is then used to validate any future time the device is connected. A recent academic report presents a way to To do this, devices need to monitor the initial attack of a matching process. Based on this view, the available algorithms estimate the security key and masquerade as other Bluetooth devices. The novelty of this report is made between the two devices to enforce the new pairing sequence, and improved implementation of estimation methods of the process, which makes the previous attack time significantly shortened. To perform this attack, the attacker needs overheard the initial pairing process, which usually only occurs once in a confidential environment, and lasted less than one second. The authors propose two Bluetooth devices trying to forcibly remove the safety key in one of the possible ways, and then start a new pairing process, so that they overheard. To accomplish this, they need to connect a second device disguised. Equipment needed for this process is very expensive and usually only for developers. If this process succeeds, the user will see a message on the device and ask them to re-enter the PIN code. If the attacker appears enter the code, and enter the PIN code is short enough, in theory, attack will be successful. If the PIN key only consists of four numbers, the speed of the PC in less than a tenth of a second time to calculate the security key. PIN longer the key, the time required to crack the security keys longer. 8-bit alphanumeric characters using the PIN takes a hundred years time to be calculated, almost impossible to break. This is from an academic point of view of Bluetooth technology for safety analysis. This analysis method described is possible, but the average user is almost impossible to encounter such an attack. Such attacks also with the degree of user gullibility, so understanding Bluetooth pairing process is a very important preventive measures. Advantage of Bluetooth technology scenarios for you to do? Through Bluetooth connectivity, you can bound from home office freed the line: * Keep your computer, phone and PDA's contacts, calendar and information synchronization * wireless printer from the computer to send files to your computer * Wireless connection to mouse and keyboard, eliminating the need for a bunch of messy wires * table by connecting to the speaker phone conference call held by the hands-free Bluetooth technology to connect the following ways to make your life more of a relaxed, more of a pleasure: * from the camera phone to send pictures to the printer and print * through a wireless stereo headset to listen to audio from a home or other similar devices transmit audio * stream music from a laptop computer via a Bluetooth connection or mobile phone to send pictures to the media viewer, to view digital TV Photo * wireless stereo system, base stations can be connected via Bluetooth audio streaming to wireless speakers, make your living room full of music with Bluetooth wireless technology connection, you can walk in the home: * carrying out daily activities, the use of connection to mobile or fixed phone wireless headset, you can receive free incoming calls * at home, you can use to connect to a landline phone call CTP to save real-time network calls glossary One common way to create a spontaneous network. Does not require real-time network architecture, by the constraints of time. Activity from the device broadcast (ASB) ASB logical transport network can be used to slightly active device transfers all L2CAP user traffic. Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) A2DP profile describes how stereo quality audio from the origins of the media sent to the sink. Configuration file defines the audio sources and sinks of point two roles. Typical uses such as the Audio source can be a music player, audio Meeting Point is a wireless headset. A2DP defines the ACL can be mono or stereo channel to achieve high-quality audio content distribution protocols and procedures. Audio / Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) AVRCP is designed to provide control TV, Hi-fi equipment and other standard interfaces. This profile is used to permit a single remote control device (or other device) to control all users can access the A / V equipment. AVRCP defines how to control characteristics of streaming media. Including pause, stop, start playback, volume control, and other types of remote control operation. Beacon-based or adaptive column piconet physical channel reservation time slot as a model. These initiate the transmission time slot for synchronization in sleep equipment. Basic Imaging Profile (BIP) BIP defines how the remote control imaging equipment, imaging equipment, how to print and imaging equipment, how to transfer images to the storage device. Typical applications such as digital cameras use the phone to control the shutter operation. Basic Print Profile (BPP) BPP allows devices to form a print job to the printer send text, e-mail, vCard, images or other items. The difference between it and HCRP in that it varies depending on the printer does not require drivers. This makes it more suitable for embedded devices such as mobile phones and digital cameras, these devices is not easy to use depends on the printer driver vendor update. Bluetooth wireless technology Bluetooth wireless technology is a wireless communication link, through the frequency-hopping transceiver without the need to apply for a permit to work on the 2.4 GHz ISM band. It supports real-time hosts in the Bluetooth AV and data communications. Link protocol is based on time slot. Bluetooth baseband Bluetooth system which is used to specify or implement media access and physical layer procedures to support the Bluetooth devices in real-time voice, data, real-time flow of information exchange and establishment of the network part. Bluetooth Bluetooth controller subsystem clock within 28 clock ticks every 312.5 ms for once. The value of this clock defines the slot number of physical channels and timing. Bluetooth controller contains the Bluetooth RF, baseband, resource controller, link manager, device manager and Bluetooth HCI subsystem. Bluetooth enabled devices Bluetooth enabled device (or a Bluetooth device) can use the Bluetooth short-range wireless communication system equipment. Bluetooth device address used to identify each of the 48-bit Bluetooth device address. This technical specification is often referred to as BD_ADDR. BD_ADDR Bluetooth device address, BD_ADDR used to identify Bluetooth devices. Bluetooth HCI Bluetooth HCI for the baseband controller and link manager provides a command interface, and access to hardware status and control registers. This interface provides access to the Bluetooth baseband functions of a unified approach. Bluetooth Bluetooth host can be a host computing devices, peripherals, cellular phones, PSTN network or LAN access points, and so on. Attached to a Bluetooth controller can be used with other Bluetooth host attached to their Bluetooth Bluetooth host controller to communicate. Bluetooth profiles Bluetooth profiles express the general behavior, Bluetooth devices can use these behaviors to communicate with other devices. Bluetooth technology defines a wide range of configuration files that describe the many different types of use cases. In order to use Bluetooth wireless technology, equipment must be able to translate a specific Bluetooth profile. Configuration file defines the possible applications. Channel can be a physical channel or L2CAP channel, depending on the context. Connection (to services) to establish a connection to a service. If you have not set up, which also includes the establishment of the physical link, logical transport, logical link and L2CAP channel. Device can be connected can be found in the range of Bluetooth devices, which regularly monitor its page scan physical channel and respond to the paging channel. Communication between connected devices are a stage, that is to establish a connection between devices. (The connection phase occurs during Link Establishment phase is complete.) Connecting the two peer applications or mapped to L2CAP channel to the connection between higher-level protocols. Create a map to establish a connection channel connecting the program. Cordless phone configuration file (CTP) CTP defines how to implement a wireless link via Bluetooth cordless phone. This configuration file can be used for private cordless phones or neighboring base stations and the implementation of the CTP as a cordless phone handset. Situation is expected to be: When at home, the phone can be used to connect to a Bluetooth CTP gateway land line, and when out of range is used in mobile phone network. Coverage area where two Bluetooth devices can exchange with acceptable quality and performance of the message area. Including creating a secure connection is established the connection, including authentication and encryption procedures. Creating trust the remote device is marked as trusted devices program. This includes storage for future authentication and pairing with a common link key (if no link key). Equipment that can be found on the device to retrieve from the Bluetooth device address, clock, device class field and paging scan mode using the program. Dial-up Networking Profile (DUN) DUN via Bluetooth wireless technology provides access to the Internet and other dial-up service standards. The most common situation is on the phone dial, from laptop computers to wirelessly access the Internet. Can be found in the device can be found in the range of Bluetooth devices, which regularly monitor its inquiry scan physical channel and the channel response to a query request. Under normal circumstances, can be found in the device can be connected. Encrypt the data encoding method, you can prevent others from deciphering the information. Extended Service Discovery Profile (ESDP) ESDP defines how universal plug and play device via Bluetooth wireless connection is working. Fax Profile (FAX) FAX profile defines how to use terminal equipment FAX gateway device. FAX aimed at mobile or fixed telephone and fax software is installed between the PC interface to provide appropriate definitions. A typical personal computer is configured to use the phone as a FAX gateway to send any FAX transmission recipient. File Transfer Profile (FTP) FTP defines how to navigate the server, the client device on the device folders and files. Once the client to find a file or location, the client can pull files from the server, or push through GOEP file from the client to the server. General Audio / Video Distribution Profile (GAVDP) GAVDP to provide the basis for A2DP and VDP, the latter two are designed for use with Bluetooth wireless technology, distributed audio and video streaming system is based. In general use, similar to the Generic Access Profile (GAP) GAP is the basis for all other configuration file that defines the Bluetooth baseband link between devices to establish a common approach. This profile defines some common operations that refer to the GAP for the implementation of multiple configuration files and device configuration files. GAP ensures that two Bluetooth devices (regardless of manufacturer, and applications) can exchange information via Bluetooth technology to find each other support applications. Does not match any other Bluetooth profiles Bluetooth devices must comply with GAP to ensure basic interoperability and coexistence. Generic Object Exchange Profile (GOEP) GOEP can be used to transfer objects from one device to another device. Object can be arbitrary, such as pictures, documents, business cards and so on. This profile defines two roles: to pull or push an object to provide the location of the server and start the operation of the client. GOEP to use configuration files to other OBEX protocol provides a common blueprint. Handsfree profile (HFP) is commonly used to allow car hands-free communication and mobile phone inside the car. It uses SCO to carry a single channel, continuously variable slope delta modulation or pulse-code for the number one law or μ-law quantization audio channel modulation, the current version is 1.5. HFP describes how a gateway device for hands-free equipment for make and receive calls. A typical configuration such as cars use the phone as a gateway device. In the car, stereo system for telephone audio, and microphone installed inside the vehicle is used to send output audio during a call. HFP can be used for personal computer at home or office environment as a speaker phone case. Hardcopy Cable Replacement Profile (HCRP) HCRP defines how Bluetooth wireless link to complete driver-based printing. This profile defines two roles client and server. Clients include print driver for the device,[url=http://www.moncler-online.de/][b]title=Moncler Online[/b][/url], the print program for the client wishes to print its contents on the server. Common configuration, such as acting as a client PC acting as a server by using the driver for the printer to print. This provides a more convenient choice to replace the wireless device and the printer cable. HCRP does not set the standard for communication to the printer,[url=http://www.beatsbydresale.org/][b]title=Beats By Dr Dre[/b][/url], so the driver depends on a particular printer model or range may be. Headset Profile (HSP) which is the most common configuration for the popular Bluetooth headsets and mobile phones. It relies on SCO encoded at 64 Kbps audio / s, CVSD or PCM, and GSM 07.07 AT commands from a subset, including the ability to minimize the control ring, answer a call, hang up and adjust the volume. HSP describes how a Bluetooth headset or other Bluetooth device with your computer (such as mobile phones) communication. Connected and configured, the headset can be used as a remote device's audio input and output interfaces. Human Interface Device Profile (HID) HID profile defines the Bluetooth HID (such as keyboards, pointing devices, gaming devices and remote monitoring devices) using protocols, procedures and functions. Query devices Bluetooth devices to execute the query process. Bluetooth device transmits inquiry messages and listens to respond to inquiries in an attempt to discover other Bluetooth devices within the coverage area of the program. Inquiry scan Bluetooth devices to monitor its inquiry scan physical channel receives the query message to the program. Internal communication system configuration files (ICP) as due to other noise, others can not hear you say, like, Bluetooth radio may also be due to other RF interference and not receiving. Because of Bluetooth wireless technology without the need to apply for permits to use the band for transmission, so this is particularly noteworthy. Fortunately, the technology has been carefully designed, in which the band will not only unnecessary noise, but also to avoid other radio waves. Can affect Bluetooth wireless products, technology products, including some of the common radio frequency microwave and some models of cordless phones. Interfere with the flow of information entities according to the time before the line and follow-up entity and its bundled with the situation. Isochronous data stream information, in the flow of information entities according to the time before the line and follow-up entity and its bundled together. Known to store their equipment at least BD_ADDR Bluetooth device. L2CAP channel in L2CAP layer two devices to establish a logical connection for a single application or higher layer protocol services. L2CAP to establish L2CAP channel layer in the process to establish a logical connection. A link is established between devices to establish a default ACL link, link level and channel programs. Link logical link shorthand. Link two devices are known and the key used to validate each other's keys. LMP Authentication Authentication remote device entity LMP layer steps. LMP pairing two devices and creates a shared authentication key link program, shared key is trust or (single) secure connection basis. Logical link structure of the lowest layer of the Bluetooth system for the client to provide independent data transmission services. Has developed three applications using OBEX profiles, that SYNC, FTP and OPP. Paging scanning device listens for its page scan physical channel the received paging message program. Paging device performs paging program Bluetooth devices. Paired devices have exchanged link key with a Bluetooth device (or a request to establish a connection before the connection phase). This process will link key exchange (in the request to establish a connection before or during the connection phase). Sleeping device the device is synchronized to the main equipment in the base model run piconet, but gave up its default ACL logical transport. In addition, in some connections, you need to make sure the correct device or connected to the individual. Password is often key (letters or numbers) in any combination. Profile roles include the network access point, a real-time local area networks and individual users. Physical link between two devices created by pager baseband layer connection. Piconet physical channel occupied by a shared set of devices, one device is the piconet master, and the remaining devices are connected to the master device. Piconet physical channel is divided into several time slots of a channel, each time slot is associated with an RF frequency hopping. Continuous frequency hopping usually correspond to different RF frequency hopping, and to 1600 hops / s jump frequency of the standard. These follow a continuous pseudo-random hopping sequence hopping, 79 radio channels in between hopping. Piconet master piconet devices, the Bluetooth clock and Bluetooth device address define the piconet physical channel characteristics. Piconet slave piconet master device, in addition to any other device connected to the piconet master device. PIN number in a user-friendly and can be used in pairs before the verification devices. This area may be affected by many factors. Serial Port Profile (SPP) SPP defines how to set up virtual serial ports and how to connect two Bluetooth devices. Service level agreements with L2CAP channel transmission protocol PDU. Service Discovery Application Profile (SDAP) SDAP describes how an application uses SDP service discovery on a remote device. SDAP requires that any application should be able to find it to connect to other Bluetooth devices available on the service. Synchronization profile (SYNC) SYNC configuration file can be used in conjunction with GOEP Bluetooth devices to support the calendar and address information (personal information manager (PIM) items) synchronization. A common application of this profile is the PDA and data exchange between computers. Video Distribution Profile (VDP) VDP defines how a Bluetooth device via Bluetooth wireless technology to stream video. Common configuration for mobile phones via Bluetooth wireless link to connect to the public information site, and use the WAP browser information. Atlas Atlas entry for more picturesentries (6)
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